PAVING WORX MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATIONS
Scope
This Paving Worx specification provides requirements for the manufacture at Paving Worx precast paving slabs in range of sizes and thickness for use in the construction of domestic footpaths and other paved areas such as commercial areas where specified, patios, courtyards, pool surrounds, and entrance ways. The Paving Worx product is a man made paving slab made with a man made mould, which gives a contemporary look. They are square but vary in size by about 3-5mm.
Cement
The cement used in the manufacture of the Paving Worx paving slabs shall comply with the following New Zealand standard NZ53122:1990 Portland Cement (ordinary and rapid hardening).
Aggregates
The fine and course aggregate or decorative aggregate shall consist of naturally occurring clean, crushed or uncrushed materials complying with the quality requirement set out in the New Zealand Standard NZS3131. The nominal size shall not exceed 15mm.
Other Materials
Any additional material required to produce special properties such as texture or colour, shall not have any deleterious effect upon the concrete.
Finish
Special surface finishes may be agreed upon between Paving Worx and the purchaser. All edges shall be clean and sharp except for minor chipping as occurs in transit and material handling which shall not be deemed as grounds for rejection.
Pigments
Any pigment used in the colouring of the paving slab shall comply with the New Zealand Standard NZS3117.
Casting and Curing
The paving slab must be made by a process which ensures the following;
- Prevention of segregation of the finer particles of concrete as far as predictable.
- Water / cement ratio between 0.45 and 0.55
Manufacturing Specification for Precast Paving
After casting the paving slabs shall be stored so as to prevent undue loss of moisture particularly during the early stages of curing. They will be package to minimize damage to decorative faces and reduce any chipping in transit.
Dimensions and Tolerances
Paving Worx paving slabs shall be manufactured to the dimensions given in Table 1
Table 1- Paving Slab Dimensions +/- 2mm
| Type |
Size mm at widest point |
Available Thickness |
Maximum limit of
manufacturing size +/- 2mm |
Maximum thickness
size +/- 3mm |
| A |
300x300 |
30 or 40mm |
+/- 2 mm |
+/- 3 mm |
| B |
450 X 450 |
35 or 40mm |
+/- 5 mm |
+/- 5 mm |
| C |
600 X 600 |
40mm |
+/- 5 mm |
+/- 5 mm |
35-40mm thick paving slabs are normally manufactured as a standard run. Also, there is a 1.5 – 2mm taper for demoulding purposes on each side of the paving slab.
Thickness
The average thickness of the twenty values obtained from four measurements on each of the five paving slabs shall be within +/- 5mm of the specified thickness. No individual sample shall exceed +/- 5mm.
Size
The average thickness of the twenty values obtained from four measurements on each of the five paving slabs shall be within +/- 3mm of the specified size. No individual sample shall exceed +/- 5mm.
Squareness of Plan
The difference between the two diagonals measured on the same face of each individual paving slab of the sample shall not exceed 3mm.
Flatness, Winding and Bowing
The maximum deviation from a 550mm straightedge placed in any position on the wearing surface of each individual paving slab of the sample shall exceed 3mm.
Chipping
Minor chipping in handling and transit will not be grounds for rejection of pavers. Chips must be within fallowing tolerances to be acceptable as good product.
- < 3mm onto face
- < 5mm in from corners
- < 10mm per 300mm length of paver
Airholes and Voids
The maximum size void in the surface of a paver is 5mm diameter. Table 2 indicates acceptable levels of surface voids.
Table 2 – Tolerance Levels of Surface Voids
| Diameter of Void |
Acceptable number |
| > 5.0mm |
No quantity acceptable
|
| 2.0 > 5.0mm |
1 per 300mm2, 2 per 450mm2, 4 per 600mm2 |
| 1.0 > 2.0mm |
5 per 100mm2 |
| 0.1 > 1.0mm |
30 per 100mm2 |
| < 0.1mm |
Any quantity acceptable |
NZS 3116:2002
PART 3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE SEGMENTAL PAVING
301 SCOPE
Part 3 of this Standard sets out the requirements for the paver selection, design and construction of segmental paving for a range of pavers used under New Zealand conditions, using segmental pavers complying with AS/NZS 4455 and Part 2 of this Standard.
302 PAVER SELECTION
The paver type shall be selected in accordance with the proposed application in table 3.
Table 3 - Paver selection
| Applications |
Characteristic
breaking
load (1) (kN)
per 100mm
width
|
Minimum
thickness
(2) (mm)
|
Shape (3) |
Dimensional
tolerances (4)
|
Edge
detail (5)
|
Abrasion
resistance
(6) at
56 days
|
Abrasion resistance
(6) at 56 days
Minimum slip
resistance
(Coefficient of
traction) (8) |
| Relevant AS/NZ |
4456.5 |
- |
- |
4455/4456.3 |
- |
4456.9 |
3661.1 |
1.Residential
Pedestrian
|
3.0 |
40 |
Any |
DPB1 |
SO/SC/R |
Not
required
|
0.45 |
2.Residential
Driveways
Light Traffic
|
5.0 |
50 |
Any |
DPB2 |
CH/R |
Not
required
|
0.45 |
Notes to Table 3
(1) The characteristic breaking load specified in AS/NZS 4456.5, as amended by 202(b), is carried out on a 150mm span of the unit’s length. The figures quoted are based on a 100mm with, i.e. actual breaking load x the ratio of 100m divided by the actual paver width mm. The modules of rupture value of any paver shall not be less than 4 MPa.
Test Requirements
When required, the samples shall be taken off at random from the appropriate consignment representing the whole or part of the order. These samples may be taken as required in Clause 12.
Manufacturers Certificate
The manufacturer shall satisfy himself by regular testing at the time of delivery the paving slabs comply with the requirements set out in the Paving Worx manufacturers specification and if requested shall forward a certificate to this effect to purchaser or his representative.
Facilities for Sampling
The purchaser or his representative shall at all reasonable times, have access to the place where slabs are manufactured or stored for the purpose of examining and sampling the raw materials, testing mix batches, checking finished paving slabs and inspecting the process of manufacture.
Purchasers Sampling
For the checking of the dimensions specified in Clause 8, the purchaser or his representative may check before delivery, five sample paving slabs for every order or more provided that sampling does not exceed 2% of that total order and the order is greater than 200m2.
Sampling and Independent Testing
When it is agreed that independent testing is required, the random sample of five paving slabs shall be selected and marked when both the purchaser and the manufacturer or their representative are present.
Test Results
For of the five samples tested must comply with the requirements in Clause 8 for the total consignment to be deemed acceptable.
Independent Test
If requested by the manufacturer, or the purchaser, independent tests shall be carried out by the mutually agreed independent testing. Such tests could include compressive strength, tensile breaking load, abrasion resistance and would be specified for a particular product at the time of ordering. Table 1 shows results of further testing on certain products for specific area.
Cost of Test
Unless otherwise specified at the time of the enquiry and order, the costs of the independent test shall be borne as Follows:
| 
